Time to Peak Glucose and Peak C-Peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial and TrialNet Cohorts.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-2021

Identifier

DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0226

Abstract

Objective: To assess the progression of type 1 diabetes using time to peak glucose or C-peptide during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in autoantibody-positive relatives of people with type 1 diabetes.

Research design and methods: We examined 2-h OGTTs of participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) studies. We included 706 DPT-1 participants (mean ± SD age, 13.84 ± 9.53 years; BMI Z-score, 0.33 ± 1.07; 56.1% male) and 3,720 PTP participants (age, 16.01 ± 12.33 years; BMI Z-score, 0.66 ± 1.3; 49.7% male). Log-rank testing and Cox regression analyses with adjustments (age, sex, race, BMI Z-score, HOMA-insulin resistance, and peak glucose/C-peptide levels, respectively) were performed.

Results: In each of DPT-1 and PTP, higher 5-year diabetes progression risk was seen in those with time to peak glucose > 30 min and time to peak C-peptide > 60 min (P < 0.001 for all groups), before and after adjustments. In models examining strength of association with diabetes development, associations were greater for time to peak C-peptide versus peak C-peptide value (DPT-1: χ2 = 25.76 vs. χ2 = 8.62; PTP: χ2 = 149.19 vs. χ2 = 79.98; all P < 0.001). Changes in the percentage of individuals with delayed glucose and/or C-peptide peaks were noted over time.

Conclusions: In two independent at-risk populations, we show that those with delayed OGTT peak times for glucose or C-peptide are at higher risk of diabetes development within 5 years, independent of peak levels. Moreover, time to peak C-peptide appears more predictive than the peak level, suggesting its potential use as a specific biomarker for diabetes progression.

Journal Title

Diabetes care

Volume

44

Issue

10

First Page

2329

Last Page

2336

MeSH Keywords

Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Disease Progression; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Male; Young Adult

Keywords

Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Disease Progression; Glucose Tolerance Test

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