Title

Population pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in extremely premature infants.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-2019

Identifier

DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14111

Abstract

AIMS: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of sildenafil and its active metabolite, N-desmethyl sildenafil (DMS), in premature infants.

METHODS: We performed a multicentre, open-label trial to characterize the PK of sildenafil in infants ≤28 weeks gestation and < 365 postnatal days (cohort 1) or < 32 weeks gestation and 3-42 postnatal days (cohort 2). In cohort 1, we obtained PK samples from infants receiving sildenafil as ordered per the local standard of care (intravenous [IV] or enteral). In cohort 2, we administered a single IV dose of sildenafil and performed PK sampling. We performed a population PK analysis and dose-exposure simulations using the software NONMEM®.

RESULTS: We enrolled 34 infants (cohort 1 n = 25; cohort 2 n = 9) and collected 109 plasma PK samples. Sildenafil was given enterally (0.42-2.09 mg/kg) in 24 infants in cohort 1 and via IV (0.125 or 0.25 mg/kg) in all infants in cohort 2. A 2-compartment PK model for sildenafil and 1-compartment model for DMS, with presystemic conversion of sildenafil to DMS, characterized the data well. Coadministration of fluconazole (n = 4), a CYP3A inhibitor, resulted in an estimated 59% decrease in sildenafil clearance. IV doses of 0.125, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg every 8 hours (in the absence of fluconazole) resulted in steady-state maximum sildenafil concentrations that were generally within the range of those reported to inhibit phosphodiesterase type 5 activity in vitro.

CONCLUSIONS: We successfully characterized the PK of sildenafil and DMS in premature infants and applied the model to inform dosing for a follow-up, phase II study.

Journal Title

British journal of clinical pharmacology

Volume

85

Issue

12

First Page

2824

Last Page

2837

MeSH Keywords

Administration, Oral; Cohort Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Fluconazole; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Injections, Intravenous; Models, Biological; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Sildenafil Citrate

Keywords

pharmacokinetics; premature infants; sildenafil

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