Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2016

Identifier

PMCID: PMC5110248 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.011

Abstract

PURPOSE: African American (AA) adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a faster progression to end-stage renal disease and are less likely to receive a kidney transplant. It is unclear whether AA children experience renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease sooner than non-AA children after accounting for socioeconomic status (SES).

METHODS: Among children with nonglomerular CKD in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, we investigated time to RRT (i.e., first dialysis or transplant) after CKD onset using parametric survival models and accounted for SES differences by inverse probability weights.

RESULTS: Of 110 AA and 493 non-AA children (median age = 10 years), AA children had shorter time to first RRT: median time was 3.2 years earlier than non-AA children (95% CI: -6.1, -0.3). When accounting for SES, this difference was diminished and nonsignificant (-1.6 years; 95% CI: -4.6, +1.5), and its directionality was consistent with faster glomerular filtration rate decline among AA children (-6.2% vs. -4.4% per year, P = .098). When RRT was deconstructed into dialysis or transplant, the time to dialysis was 37.5% shorter for AA children and 53.7% longer for transplant. These inferences were confirmed by the frequency and timing of transplant after initiating dialysis.

CONCLUSIONS: Racial differences in time to RRT were almost fully accounted for by SES, and the remaining difference was congruent with a faster glomerular filtration rate decline among AA children. Access to transplant occurred later, yet times to dialysis were shorter among AA children even when accounting for SES which may be due to a lack of organ availability.

Journal Title

Annals of epidemiology

Volume

26

Issue

11

First Page

780

Last Page

787

MeSH Keywords

Adolescent; African Americans; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Continental Population Groups; Follow-Up Studies; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Renal Replacement Therapy; Risk Assessment; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; United States

Keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Health disparities; Inverse probability weights; Pediatric nephrology; Renal replacement therapy

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