Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2016

Identifier

PMCID: PMC4829489 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3222-3

Abstract

High-level exposures to a number of agents are known to have direct nephrotoxic effects in children. A growing body of literature supports the hypothesis that chronic, relatively low-level exposure to various nephrotoxicants may also increase the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) or accelerate its progression. In this review we highlight several environmental nephrotoxicants and their association with CKD in children and adolescents. We also discuss unique epidemiological challenges in the use of kidney biomarkers in environmental nephrotoxicology.

Journal Title

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

Volume

31

Issue

11

First Page

2043

Last Page

2054

MeSH Keywords

Adolescent; Aristolochic Acids; Child; Disease Progression; Dysuria; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Kidney; Metals, Heavy; Mycotoxins; Prevalence; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Triazines

Keywords

Aristolochic acid; Arsenic; Cadmium; Chronic kidney disease; Environmental nephrotoxicants; Lead; Melamine

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