The "Risser+" grade: a new grading system to classify skeletal maturity in idiopathic scoliosis.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2019
Identifier
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5821-8
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aims to propose and validate a new unified "Risser+" grade that combines the North American (NA) and European (EU) variants of the classic Risser score. The "Risser+ " grade can effectively combine the North American and European Risser Classifications for skeletal maturity with adequate intra-rater/inter-rater reliability and agreement.
METHODS: Agreement and reliability were evaluated for 6 raters (3-NA, 3-EU) who assessed 120 pelvic radiographs from the BrAIST trial, all female, average age 13.4 (range 10.1-16.5 years). Blinded raters reviewed x-rays at two time-points. Intra- and inter-rater agreement (RA) were established with Krippendorff's alpha (k-alpha), while intra- and inter-rater reliability (RR) were established with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Acceptable agreement and reliability were set a priori at 0.80.
RESULTS: Inter-RA for the second reading met study requirements (k-alpha = 0.86 [0.81-0.90]) compared to the first reading (0.72 [0.63-0.79]) while combined readings was close to target agreement (0.79 [0.74-0.84]). Removal of 20 readings demonstrating outlier tendencies increased agreement for the first, second, and combined reads (k-alpha = 0.85, 0.89, 0.87, respectively). Intra-RA was sufficient for 4 out of 6 raters (k-alpha > 0.80) and one rater from EU and NA presented subpar intra-RA (k-alpha = 0.64 and 0.74, respectively). Inter-RR met study requirements overall reads (ICC = 0.96 [0.95-0.97]) including the first (0.94 [0.92-0.95]) and second (0.97 [0.97-0.98]) reads, independently.
CONCLUSIONS: The Risser+ system showed excellent reliability across multiple reads and raters and demonstrated 79% agreement overall reads and ratings. Agreement increased to over 85% when raters could distinguish Risser 0 + from Risser 5. These slides can be retrieved from electronic supplementary material.
Journal Title
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
Volume
28
Issue
3
First Page
559
Last Page
566
MeSH Keywords
Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Child; Child Development; Humans; Pelvic Bones; Radiography; Reproducibility of Results; Scoliosis
Keywords
Idiopathic scoliosis; Risser; Scoliosis; Skeletal age.
Recommended Citation
Troy MJ, Miller PE, Price N, et al. The "Risser+" grade: a new grading system to classify skeletal maturity in idiopathic scoliosis [published correction appears in Eur Spine J. 2019 Feb 6;:]. Eur Spine J. 2019;28(3):559-566. doi:10.1007/s00586-018-5821-8
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Comments
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