Adiposity, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children With CKD: A Longitudinal Study of Youth Enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-2020
Identifier
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.011
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk factors are highly prevalent in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the longitudinal association of adiposity with cardiac damage among children with CKD and explored whether this association was modified by sex.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Children with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study at 49 pediatric nephrology centers across North America.
EXPOSURE: Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z score.
OUTCOME: Age- and sex-specific left ventricular mass index (LVMI) z score and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Longitudinal analyses using mixed-effects models to estimate sex-specific associations of BMI z scores with LVMI z score and with LVH, accounting for repeated measurements over time.
RESULTS: Among 725 children with 2,829 person-years of follow-up, median age was 11.0 years and median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.6mL/min/1.73m
LIMITATIONS: Not all children had repeated measurements. LVH is a surrogate and not a hard cardiac outcome. The observational design limits causal inference.
CONCLUSIONS: In children, adiposity is independently associated with the markers of cardiac damage, LVMI z score and LVH. This association is stronger among girls than boys. Pediatric overweight and obesity may therefore have a substantial impact on cardiovascular risk among children with CKD.
Journal Title
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
Volume
76
Issue
2
First Page
166
Last Page
173
Keywords
Cardiovascular disease (CVD); adiposity; adolescents; body mass index (BMI); cardiac target organ damage; children; chronic kidney disease (CKD); hypertension; left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); left ventricular mass index (LVMI); obesity; overweight; pediatrics; sex differences; youth.
Recommended Citation
Brady TM, Roem J, Cox C, et al. Adiposity, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children With CKD: A Longitudinal Study of Youth Enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76(2):166-173. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.011
COinS
Comments
Grant support