Evidence for Household Transmission of Rotavirus in the United States, 2011-2016.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-30-2020

Identifier

DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz004

Abstract

Background: Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and is highly transmissible. In this study, we assessed the presence of AGE in household contacts (HHCs) of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus.

Methods: Between December 2011 and June 2016, children aged 14 days to 11 years with AGE were enrolled at 1 of 7 hospitals or emergency departments as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Parental interviews, medical and vaccination records, and stool specimens were collected at enrollment. Stool was tested for rotavirus by an enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by real-time or conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay or repeated enzyme immunoassay. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to assess AGE in HHCs the week after the enrolled child's illness. A mixed-effects multivariate model was used to calculate odds ratios.

Results: Overall, 829 rotavirus-positive subjects and 8858 rotavirus-negative subjects were enrolled. Households of rotavirus-positive subjects were more likely to report AGE illness in ≥1 HHC than were rotavirus-negative households (35% vs 20%, respectively; P < .0001). A total of 466 (16%) HHCs of rotavirus-positive subjects reported AGE illness. Of the 466 ill HHCs, 107 (23%) sought healthcare; 6 (6%) of these encounters resulted in hospitalization. HHCs who were

Conclusions: Rotavirus-associated AGE in children can lead to significant disease burden in HHCs, especially in children agedillness, notably through vaccination, can prevent additional illnesses in HHCs.

Journal Title

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc

Volume

9

Issue

2

First Page

181

Last Page

187

Keywords

acute gastroenteritis; household transmission; pediatric gastroenteritis; rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine

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