Impact of Breast Milk, Respiratory Insufficiency, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on Enteral Feeding in Infants With Omphalocele.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-2019
Identifier
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001463
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to document the process of achieving full enteral feeding in infants with omphalocele and to identify factors that affect feeding success.
METHODS: After institutional review board approval (study no. 5100169), 123 infants with omphalocele, born between 1993 and 2011 were reviewed. Mortalities were excluded. All survivors had complete follow-up. Variables suspected to impact enteral feeding in infants with non-giant versus giant omphalocele were compared. Independent t test, Mann-Whitney, and χ test were used. Regression evaluated for variable independence.
RESULTS: Of 123 infants with omphalocele, 97 (79%) survived, 62/97 (64%) had non-giant, and 35/97 (36%) giant omphalocele. For survivors, the mean gestational age was 37 ± 4 weeks with median follow-up of 4.4 years (range: 1.4-7.4 years). The median time to full feeds was 4 days (range: 0-85 days) for non-giant versus 8 days (range: 1-96 days) for giant, a significant difference (P < 0.01). Breast milk significantly decreased time to full feeds independent of omphalocele size. Giant omphalocele infants had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory insufficiency at birth (P < 0.01) and sac rupture (P = 0.02), but fewer chromosomal anomalies (P = 0.04). Respiratory insufficiency at birth (P < 0.01) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (P < 0.01) independently delayed feeding in omphalocele infants.
CONCLUSIONS: Infants with non-giant omphalocele can achieve full enteral feeds within the first week of life, but giant omphalocele infants require significantly more time. Breast milk independently promotes feeding success whereas gastroesophageal reflux disease and respiratory insufficiency at birth independently delay feeding in infants with omphalocele.
Journal Title
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Volume
68
Issue
6
First Page
94
Last Page
94
MeSH Keywords
Child; Child, Preschool; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gestational Age; Hernia, Umbilical; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk, Human; Regression Analysis; Respiratory Insufficiency; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
Keywords
Child; Child, Preschool; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gestational Age; Hernia, Umbilical; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk, Human; Regression Analysis; Respiratory Insufficiency; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
Recommended Citation
Haug S, St Peter S, Ramlogan S, et al. Impact of Breast Milk, Respiratory Insufficiency, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on Enteral Feeding in Infants With Omphalocele. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(6):e94-e98. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001463
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