Neurosurgery guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2020
Identifier
DOI: 10.3233/PRM-200782
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) arises from an early neural developmental anomaly and results in a variety of structural abnormalities and associated functional neurologic deficits. As such, neurologic issues are central to virtually all clinical problems. Neurosurgical intervention strives to correct or improve these defects and prevent secondary complications. These interventions include closure of the open myelomeningocele and management (across the life span) of hydrocephalus, the Chiari II malformation (C2M) and tethered spinal cord (TSC). The development of pre-natal closure techniques and reports of improved outcome with in-utero closure (IUMC) have revolutionized the neurosurgical approach to myelomeningocele. Controversies remain surrounding patient selection, maternal risks, technique of IUMC (endoscopic vs. open) and long-term outcomes. However, real gains include reduced rates of hydrocephalus, modestly improved motor capabilities and reduction in C2M morbidity. For many decades, the cornerstone of treatment of hydrocephalus for many decades has been the placement and support of ventricular shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with or without choroid plexus coagulation (ETV/CPC) is an appealing alternate strategy that avoids the morbidity and complications associated with shunts. The exact criteria for ETV-CPC candidacy and best metrics for outcome analysis remain active areas of debate and controversy. Similarly, neurosurgical management C2M, has centered upon the indications and clinical thresholds for performing posterior fossa surgical decompression. Tethered spinal cord management incorporates the diagnosis and surgical management of adhesions formed at the initial closure site, the consequent longitudinal traction related stress on the cord and the resulting neurologic signs and symptoms.
Journal Title
J Pediatr Rehabil Med
Volume
13
Issue
4
First Page
467
Last Page
477
Keywords
Spina bifida; chiari II malformation (C2M); endoscopic third ventriculostomy (etv); endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus coagulation (ETV-CPC); health care guidelines; hydrocephalus; intra-uterine myelomeningocele closure (IUMC); myelomeningocele; neural tube defects; tethered spinal cord (TSC); ventricular shunt
Recommended Citation
Blount JP, Bowman R, Dias MS, Hopson B, Partington MD, Rocque BG. Neurosurgery guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020;13(4):467-477. doi:10.3233/PRM-200782
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Comments
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