Reductions in neonatal listeriosis: "Collateral benefit" of Group B streptococcal prophylaxis?
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-1-2016
Identifier
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.015
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that declines in Listeria monocytogenes in infants are related to declines in rates of early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections associated with widespread prophylaxis using agents with Listeria activity.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using a national administrative database Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). We searched for ICD-9 codes for Listeriosis in infantsperiod.
RESULTS: We identified 183 cases of Listeriosis in infants10,000 admissions (1992-1995) to 2.24 (1996-2002) to 1.31 from (2003-2013) (p < 0.0001). Case rates of early-onset GBS dropped significantly over the study period: 30.10 cases per 1000 admissions (1992-1995) to 21.70 (1996-2002) to 18.57 (2003-2013) (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant correlation between yearly rates of Listeriosis and early-onset GBS (rho: 0.53; p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis of a "collateral benefit" to widespread GBS prophylaxis and further support the position that empiric antibiotic regimens for febrile infants may no longer require Listeria activity.
Journal Title
The Journal of infection
Volume
72
Issue
3
First Page
317
Last Page
323
MeSH Keywords
Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infection Control; Listeriosis; Male; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus agalactiae
Keywords
Infants; Group B Strep; Infection Control
Recommended Citation
Lee B, Newland JG, Jhaveri R. Reductions in neonatal listeriosis: "Collateral benefit" of Group B streptococcal prophylaxis?. J Infect. 2016;72(3):317-323. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.015
