Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after autotransplants for lymphomas and plasma cell myeloma.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-2018

Identifier

DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.07.016; PMCID: PMC6219911

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposures to DNA-damaging drugs and ionizing radiations increase risks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

METHODS: 9028 recipients of hematopoietic cell autotransplants (1995-2010) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL; n = 916), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 3546) and plasma cell myeloma (PCM; n = 4566), reported to the CIBMTR, were analyzed for risk of subsequent AML or MDS.

RESULTS: 335 MDS/AML cases were diagnosed posttransplant (3.7%). Variables associated with an increased risk for AML or MDS in multivariate analyses were: (1) conditioning with total body radiation versus chemotherapy alone for HL (HR = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [1.4, 11.6]) and NHL (HR = 2.5 [1.1, 2.5]); (2) ≥3 versus 1 line of chemotherapy for NHL (HR = 1.9 [1.3, 2.8]); and (3) subjects with NHL transplanted in 2005-2010 versus 1995-1999 (HR = 2.1 [1.5, 3.1]). Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, we found risks for AML/MDS in HL, NHL and PCM to be 5-10 times the background rate. In contrast, relative risks were 10-50 for AML and approximately 100 for MDS in the autotransplant cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial risks of AML and MDS after autotransplants for HL, NHL and PCM.

Journal Title

Leukemia research

Volume

74

First Page

130

Last Page

136

MeSH Keywords

Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Risk Factors; Transplantation, Autologous

Keywords

AML; Autotransplant; CIBMTR; MDS; New cancers; SEER; Therapy-related

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