Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-1-2018
Identifier
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy136; PMCID: PMC6295667
Abstract
Background: During the 2014-2015 influenza season in the United States, 256 cases of influenza-associated parotitis were reported from 27 states. We conducted a case-control study and laboratory investigation to further describe this rare clinical manifestation of influenza.
Methods: During February 2015-April 2015, we interviewed 50 cases (with parotitis) and 124 ill controls (without parotitis) with laboratory-confirmed influenza; participants resided in 11 states and were matched by age, state, hospital admission status, and specimen collection date. Influenza viruses were characterized using real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. We compared cases and controls using conditional logistic regression. Specimens from additional reported cases were also analyzed.
Results: Cases, 73% of whom were aged <20 >years, experienced painful (86%), unilateral (68%) parotitis a median of 4 (range, 0-16) days after onset of systemic or respiratory symptoms. Cases were more likely than controls to be male (76% vs 51%; P = .005). We detected influenza A(H3N2) viruses, genetic group 3C.2a, in 100% (32/32) of case and 92% (105/108) of control specimens sequenced (P = .22). Influenza B and A(H3N2) 3C.3 and 3C.3b genetic group virus infections were detected in specimens from additional cases.
Conclusions: Influenza-associated parotitis, as reported here and in prior sporadic case reports, seems to occur primarily with influenza A(H3N2) virus infection. Because of the different clinical and infection control considerations for mumps and influenza virus infections, we recommend clinicians consider influenza in the differential diagnoses among patients with acute parotitis during the influenza season.
Journal Title
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Volume
67
Issue
4
First Page
485
Last Page
492
MeSH Keywords
Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Parotitis; Seasons; United States; Young Adult
Keywords
Case-Control Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Parotitis; Seasons
Recommended Citation
Rolfes MA, Millman AJ, Talley P, et al. Influenza-Associated Parotitis During the 2014-2015 Influenza Season in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(4):485-492. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy136
Comments
Grant support
This article is a work of the United States government. Such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law and are therefore in the public domain.
Publisher's Link: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/67/4/485/4957003