Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-13-2021

Identifier

DOI: 10.1155/2021/8053246; PMCID: PMC8605924

Abstract

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a constellation of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli- (STEC-) mediated HUS is a common cause of acute renal failure in children and can rarely result in severe neurological complications such as encephalopathy, seizures, cerebrovascular accidents, and coma. Current literature supports use of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks complement activation, in atypical HUS (aHUS). However, those with neurologic complications from STEC-HUS have complement activation and deposition of aggregates in microvasculature and may be treated with eculizumab. In this case report, we describe a 3-year-old boy with diarrhea-positive STEC-HUS who developed severe neurologic involvement in addition to acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. He was initiated on eculizumab therapy, with clinical improvement and organ recovery. This case highlights systemic complications of STEC-HUS in a pediatric patient. The current literature is limited but has suggested a role for complement mediation in cases with severe complications. We review the importance of early recognition of complications, use of eculizumab, and current data available.

Journal Title

Case Rep Pediatr

Volume

2021

First Page

8053246

Last Page

8053246

Comments

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Publisher's Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cripe/2021/8053246/

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