Hypercalcemia: a consultant's approach.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2018
Identifier
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3788-z
Abstract
Due to their daily involvement in mineral metabolism, nephrologists are often asked to consult on children with hypercalcemia. This might become even more pertinent when the hypercalcemia is associated with acute kidney injury and/or hypercalciuria and renal calcifications. The best way to assess the severity of hypercalcemia is by measurement of plasma ionized calcium, and if not available by adjusting serum total calcium to albumin concentration. The differential diagnosis of the possible etiologies of the disturbance in the mineral homeostasis starts with the assessment of serum parathyroid hormone concentration, followed by that of vitamin D metabolites in search of both genetic and acquired etiologies. Several tools are available to acutely treat hypercalcemia with the current main components being fluids, loop diuretics, and antiresorptive agents. This review will address the pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities involved in hypercalcemia.
Journal Title
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
Volume
33
Issue
9
First Page
1475
Last Page
1488
MeSH Keywords
Hypercalcemia; Diphosphonates; Acute Kidney Injury; Child
Keywords
Acute kidney injury; Bisphosphonates; Calcitriol; PTH-related peptide; Parathyroid hormone; Vitamin D
Recommended Citation
Auron A, Alon US. Hypercalcemia: a consultant's approach. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(9):1475-1488. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3788-z
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