Management of the undescended testis in children: An American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee Systematic Review.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-2022
Identifier
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.003
Abstract
PURPOSE: Management of undescended testes (UDT) has evolved over the last decade. While urologic societies in the United States and Europe have established some guidelines for care, management by North American pediatric surgeons remains variable. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the published evidence regarding the treatment of (UDT) in children.
METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized to identify, review, and report salient articles. Five principal questions were asked regarding imaging standards, medical treatment, surgical technique, timing of operation, and outcomes. A literature search was performed from 2005 to 2020.
RESULTS: A total of 825 articles were identified in the initial search, and 260 were included in the final review.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative imaging and hormonal therapy are generally not recommended except in specific circumstances. Testicular growth and potential for fertility improves when orchiopexy is performed before one year of age. For a palpable testis, a single incision approach is preferred over a two-incision orchiopexy. Laparoscopic orchiopexy is associated with a slightly lower testicular atrophy rate but a higher rate of long-term testicular retraction. One and two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy have similar rates of testicular atrophy and retraction. There is a higher relative risk of testicular cancer in UDT which may be lessened by pre-pubertal orchiopexy.
Journal Title
Journal of pediatric surgery
Volume
57
Issue
7
First Page
1293
Last Page
1308
MeSH Keywords
Atrophy; Child; Cryptorchidism; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Infant; Male; Orchiopexy; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis; United States
Keywords
Cryptorchidism; Orchiopexy; Testicular cancer; Undescended testis/testes
Recommended Citation
Gates RL, Shelton J, Diefenbach KA, et al. Management of the undescended testis in children: An American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee Systematic Review. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(7):1293-1308. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.003
COinS
