Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-15-2022

Identifier

DOI: 10.3390/v14081775; PMCID: PMC9414880

Abstract

Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009-2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009-2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009-2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012-2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1-3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.

Journal Title

Viruses

Volume

14

Issue

8

MeSH Keywords

Antigens, Viral; Feces; Genotype; Phylogeny; Retrospective Studies; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections; United States

Keywords

RVA; genotype; prevalence; rotavirus; surveillance; vaccine

Comments

Grant support

This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Publisher's Link: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1775

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