Prospective validation of the shock index pediatric-adjusted (SIPA) in blunt liver and spleen trauma: An ATOMAC+ study.

Creator(s)

Maria E. Linnaus
David M. Notrica
Crystal S. Langlais
Shawn D. St Peter, Children's Mercy HospitalFollow
Charles M. Leys
Daniel J. Ostlie
R Todd Maxson
Todd Ponsky
David W. Tuggle
James W. Eubanks
Amina Bhatia
Adam C. Alder
Cynthia Greenwell
Nilda M. Garcia
Karla A. Lawson
Prasenjeet Motghare
Robert W. Letton

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-1-2017

Identifier

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.060

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Age-adjusted pediatric shock index (SIPA) does not require knowledge of age-adjusted blood pressure norms, yet correlates with mortality, serious injury, and need for transfusion in trauma. No prospective studies support its validity.

METHODS: A multicenter prospective observational study of patients 4-16years presenting April 2013-January 2016 with blunt liver and/or spleen injury (BLSI). SIPA (maximum heart rate/minimum systolic blood pressure) thresholds of >1.22, >1.0, and >0.9 in the emergency department were used for 4-6, 7-12 and 13-16year-olds, respectively. Patients with ISS ≤15 were excluded to conform to the original paper. Discrimination outcomes were compared between SIPA and shock index (SI).

RESULTS: Of 1008 patients, 386 met inclusion. SI was elevated in 321, and SIPA elevated in 282. The percentage of patients with elevated index (SI or SIPA) and blood transfusion within 24 hours (30% vs 34%), BLSI grade ≥3 requiring transfusion (28% vs 32%), operative intervention (14% vs 16%) and ICU admission (64% vs 67%) was higher in the SIPA group.

CONCLUSION: SIPA was validated in this multi-institutional prospective study and identified a higher percentage of children requiring additional resources than SI in BLSI patients. SIPA may be useful for determining necessary resources for injured patients with BLSI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II prognosis.

Journal Title

Journal of pediatric surgery

Volume

52

Issue

2

First Page

340

Last Page

344

MeSH Keywords

Adolescent; Blood Transfusion; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Status Indicators; Hospitalization; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Liver; Male; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Shock, Traumatic; Spleen; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Keywords

SIPA; Shock index pediartic-adjusted; Shock index; Trauma injury; Blood Transfusion

Comments

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level II prognosis.

Recommended Citation

Linnaus ME, Notrica DM, Langlais CS, et al. Prospective validation of the shock index pediatric-adjusted (SIPA) in blunt liver and spleen trauma: An ATOMAC+ study. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(2):340-344. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.060