Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-2023

Identifier

DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003607; PMCID: PMC10503346

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes distress (DD) describes the unrelenting emotional and behavioral challenges of living with, and caring for someone living with, type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated associations between parent-reported and child-reported DD, T1D device use, and child glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in 157 families of school-age children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Parents completed the Parent Problem Areas in Diabetes-Child (PPAID-C) and children completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Child (PAID-C) to assess for DD levels. Parents also completed a demographic form where they reported current insulin pump or continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use (ie, user/non-user). We measured child HbA1c using a valid home kit and central laboratory. We used correlations and linear regression for our analyses.

RESULTS: Children were 49% boys and 77.1% non-Hispanic white (child age (mean±SD)=10.2±1.5 years, T1D duration=3.8±2.4 years, HbA1c=7.96±1.62%). Most parents self-identified as mothers (89%) and as married (78%). Parents' mean PPAID-C score was 51.83±16.79 (range: 16-96) and children's mean PAID-C score was 31.59±12.39 (range: 11-66). Higher child HbA1c correlated with non-pump users (r=-0.16, p < 0.05), higher PPAID-C scores (r=0.36, p < 0.001) and higher PAID-C scores (r=0.24, p < 0.001), but there was no association between child HbA1c and CGM use. A regression model predicting child HbA1c based on demographic variables, pump use, and parent-reported and child-reported DD suggested parents' PPAID-C score was the strongest predictor of child HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses suggest parent DD is a strong predictor of child HbA1c and is another modifiable treatment target for lowering child HbA1c.

Journal Title

BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care

Volume

11

Issue

5

MeSH Keywords

Male; Female; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; Parents; Mothers; Insulin Infusion Systems

Keywords

children; hemoglobin A1c; psychology; self-management

Comments

Grant support

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

Publisher's Link: https://drc.bmj.com/content/11/5/e003607.long

Download

Share

COinS