Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children <5 Years Old: 2016 to 2020.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-1-2024
Identifier
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062574
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in US infants. Accurate estimates of severe RSV disease inform policy decisions for RSV prevention.
METHODS: We conducted prospective surveillance for childrenparents, reviewed medical records, and tested midturbinate nasal ± throat swabs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for RSV and other respiratory viruses. We describe characteristics of children hospitalized with RSV, risk factors for ICU admission, and estimate RSV-associated hospitalization rates.
RESULTS: Among 13 524 acute respiratory illness inpatientsold, 4243 (31.4%) were RSV-positive; 2751 (64.8%) of RSV-positive children had no underlying condition or history of prematurity. The average annual RSV-associated hospitalization rate was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-4.1) per 1000 childrenyears, was highest among children 0 to 2 months old (23.8 [95% CI: 22.5-25.2] per 1000) and decreased with increasing age. Higher RSV-associated hospitalization rates were found in premature versus term children (rate ratio = 1.95 [95% CI: 1.76-2.11]). Risk factors for ICU admission among RSV-positive inpatients included: age 0 to 2 and 3 to 5 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.97 [95% CI: 1.54-2.52] and aOR = 1.56 [95% CI: 1.18-2.06], respectively, compared with 24-59 months), prematurity (aOR = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.08-1.60]) and comorbid conditions (aOR = 1.35 [95% CI: 1.10-1.66]).
CONCLUSIONS: Younger infants and premature children experienced the highest rates of RSV-associated hospitalization and had increased risk of ICU admission. RSV prevention products are needed to reduce RSV-associated morbidity in young infants.
Journal Title
Pediatrics
Volume
153
Issue
3
MeSH Keywords
Child; Infant; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child, Preschool; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Pediatric
Keywords
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Hospitalization; Pediatric Hospitals
Recommended Citation
Curns AT, Rha B, Lively JY, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children <5 Years Old: 2016 to 2020. Pediatrics.>2024;153(3):e2023062574. doi:10.1542/peds.2023-062574
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