Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-2024
Identifier
DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04713-0; PMCID: PMC11573830
Abstract
PURPOSE: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy is an important component in treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Courses are associated with a risk of renal injury, delayed elimination, and increased systemic toxicity. Recently hypoalbuminemia has been recognized as yet another risk factor.
METHODS: To examine the impact of serum albumin we reviewed 325 HDMTX 5 g/m2 courses in a cohort of 51 children treated on the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol, dividing the courses into four groups with different levels of baseline albumin (A < 25 g/L, B 25-29 g/L, C 30-34 g/L and D ≥ 35 g/L).
RESULTS: Hypoalbuminemia was present in 51% of the courses, mostly in the early phases of chemotherapy while asparaginase therapy is ongoing, and especially if given less than 2 weeks after a dose (78%). Hypoalbuminemia had a significant impact on the end-of-infusion serum MTX, depending on the degree of hypoalbuminemia: MTX > 150 µM was seen in 37%, 32%, 20% and 8% in groups A to D. Serum albumin < 30 g/L was significantly associated with low MTX clearance < 10 L/h/1.73m2 (78% vs. 36%) and high AUC ≥ 1000 µM*h (44% vs. 31%). The frequency of rising creatinine or prolonged elimination was not increased, but the risk of stomatitis was significantly higher (42% vs. 19%).
CONCLUSION: Low serum albumin is caused by concurrent asparaginase therapy and has a clinically significant impact on MTX disposition. Guidelines for administering HDMTX may need adjustment if serum albumin < 30 g/L, and, if possible, HDMTX courses should not be scheduled soon after asparaginase doses.
Journal Title
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology
Volume
94
Issue
6
First Page
775
Last Page
785
MeSH Keywords
Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Methotrexate; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Asparaginase; Child; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Adolescent; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Serum Albumin
Keywords
Asparaginase; Childhood leukemia; Hypoalbuminemia; Methotrexate toxicity/clearance
Recommended Citation
Christensen SR, Jensen CF, Heldrup J, Taylor Z, Ramsey LB, Rosthøj S. Hypoalbuminemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relation to asparaginase therapy and impact on high dose methotrexate elimination. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2024;94(6):775-785. doi:10.1007/s00280-024-04713-0
Comments
Grants and funding
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Publisher's Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00280-024-04713-0