Mechanism of injury predicts case fatality and functional outcomes in pediatric trauma patients: the case for its use in trauma outcomes studies.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-1-2011

Identifier

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.04.055

Abstract

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The mechanism of injury (MOI) may serve as a useful adjunct to injury scoring systems in pediatric trauma outcomes research. The objective is to determine the independent effect of MOI on case fatality and functional outcomes in pediatric trauma patients.

METHODS: Retrospective review of pediatric patients ages 2 to 18 years in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2002 through 2006 was done. Mechanism of injury was classified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, E codes. The main outcome measures were mortality, discharge disposition (home vs rehabilitation setting), and functional impairment at hospital discharge. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for injury severity (using the Injury Severity Score and the presence of shock upon admission in the emergency department), age, sex, and severe head or extremity injury.

RESULTS: Thirty-five thousand ninety-seven pediatric patients in the National Trauma Data Bank met inclusion criteria. Each MOI had differences in the adjusted odds of death or functional disabilities as compared with the reference group (fall). The MOI with the greatest risk of death was gunshot wounds (odds ratio [OR], 3.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.23-5.54 95). Pediatric pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle have the highest risk of locomotion (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.89-3.77) and expression (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.23) disabilities.

CONCLUSION: Mechanism of injury is a significant predictor of clinical and functional outcomes at discharge for equivalently injured patients. These findings have implications for injury prevention, staging, and prognosis of traumatic injury and posttreatment planning.

Journal Title

Journal of pediatric surgery

Volume

46

Issue

8

First Page

1557

Last Page

1563

MeSH Keywords

Accidental Falls; Accidents; Traffic; Adolescent; Child; Child; Preschool; Databases; Factual; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Logistic Models; Male; Odds Ratio; Patient Discharge; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; United States; Wounds and Injuries; Wounds; Gunshot

Keywords

Injuries; Guns; Motor Vehicles; Falls; Mortality; Disability; Child; Teen; National Trauma Data Bank; NTDB; Mechanism of Injury

Link to Full Text
Library Record

Share

COinS