The environment and kidney disease in children

Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

4-2024

Identifier

DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197662526.003.0053

Abstract

High-level, acute exposures to a number of toxic chemicals in the environment are known to cause injury to the kidneys in children. Ingestion of melamine-contaminated milk has, for example, been linked to increased incidence of urinary stones in children. The Fanconi syndrome may develop in children with acute, high-dose lead poisoning. Chronic, lower-level exposures to nephrotoxicants may increase risk for chronic kidney disease or accelerate its progression. Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Recognition and mitigation of known environmental risk factors for chronic kidney disease is essential, especially in childhood when the early antecedents of chronic kidney disease may occur. This chapter reviews the evidence implicating various chemicals as nephrotoxicants and as risk factors for chronic kidney disease in environmentally exposed children and adolescents. Strategies for screening of susceptible populations, follow-up testing, and medical management of toxic exposures are discussed.

Journal Title

Textbook of Children’s Environmental Health

Volume

2nd Edition

First Page

719

Last Page

730

Keywords

chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease; nephrotoxicants; lead poisoning; melamine poisoning; cadmium toxicity; uranium toxicity; arsenic toxicity; mercury toxicity; aristolochic acid toxicity

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