Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-2026

Identifier

DOI: 10.1007/s00467-025-06913-z; PMCID: PMC13009053

Abstract

Sodium imbalance is a common concern in children with kidney diseases, presenting as either sodium excess or sodium deficit, each with significant clinical implications. Sodium excess contributes to fluid overload and hypertension, while increased sodium losses, particularly via urine or peritoneal fluid, can predispose patients to hypotension and growth failure. Effective sodium management is thus a critical component of care in pediatric kidney diseases, with dietary sodium intake playing a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for dietary sodium management in children with kidney diseases, addressing key aspects of sodium balance, including primary dietary sources, nutritional assessment of sodium intake, non-dietary factors influencing sodium balance, and recommended intakes. Strategies for reducing sodium intake in cases of sodium excess and augmenting intake in patients with increased sodium losses are also provided. The consensus of international experts was assessed through a Delphi process. These CPRs will be regularly updated by the PRNT.

Journal Title

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

Volume

41

Issue

5

First Page

1535

Last Page

1556

MeSH Keywords

Humans; Child; Sodium, Dietary; Kidney Diseases; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Consensus; Advisory Committees

PubMed ID

41251793

Keywords

Clinical practice recommendations; Kidney diseases; Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce; Salt; Sodium

Comments

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Publisher's Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00467-025-06913-z

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