Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2026
Identifier
DOI: 10.1017/S1047951126111913
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-code dose boluses of epinephrine are utilised in critically ill paediatric patients during periods of hemodynamic deterioration, often with the hopes of preventing a cardiac arrest. Data regarding the physiologic effects of these administrations are limited. The primary aim of this study was to use high-fidelity physiologic data to characterise the effects of intravenous non-code dose bolus epinephrine.
METHODS: Paediatric patients in the cardiac ICU who received non-code dose bolus epinephrine were identified. Those who received fluid boluses or chest compressions within 2 minutes of bolus epinephrine were excluded. Autoregressive integrated moving average analyses with exogenous variables were conducted to characterise the time-dependent changes in hemodynamic indices. Cluster analyses were then conducted to determine patterns in hemodynamic changes associated with bolus epinephrine.
RESULTS: A total of 71 non-code dose bolus epinephrine administrations were included in the final analyses. Heart rate, blood pressure, and renal near infrared spectroscopy all demonstrated statistically significant changes after bolus epinephrine administration. Peak change in each was 40%, 52%, and 9%, respectively, with peaks occurring between 60 seconds and 120 seconds after administration. Three response-based clusters were identified.
CONCLUSION: Non-code dose bolus epinephrine is associated with a significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and systemic oxygen delivery. Cluster analysis using the peak change identified distinct clinical clusters.
Journal Title
Cardiology in the young
Volume
36
Issue
3
First Page
519
Last Page
525
PubMed ID
41878889
Keywords
Epinephrine; cardiac arrest; physiology; sickbay; vasoactive
Recommended Citation
Sourour W, Evans M, Le K, Flores S, Farias JS, Loomba RS. Hyperacute effects of non-code dose bolus epinephrine in paediatric cardiac intensive care patients: insights from high-fidelity physiologic data. Cardiology in the Young. 2026;36(3):519-525. doi:10.1017/S1047951126111913
Comments
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Publisher's Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1047951126111913