Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-2026

Identifier

DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofag246; PMCID: PMC13202212

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis. This study's objective was to investigate the clinical characteristics of newborns with E. coli bacteremia, and recent antibiotic resistance trends and molecular epidemiologic features of these invasive strains.

METHODS: Clinical data and blood E. coli isolates collected from 54 neonates with bacteremia were studied. E. coli antibiotic susceptibility trends over time, and whole-genome sequencing data relevant to the genomic relatedness and capsule genotype of the isolates were analyzed.

RESULTS: Thirty percent of bacteremic newborns were preterm. Mortality was 19% in preterm versus 5% in term infants. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected in 43 (80%); meningitis was diagnosed in 28%. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 2 neonates, both born preterm. Fifty-four percent of isolates were nonsusceptible to ampicillin and 7% to ceftriaxone. Nonsusceptibility to cefazolin increased over time; non-susceptibility rates for gentamicin and tobramycin were 11% for each antibiotic. Whole-genome sequencing showed multiple sequence types (STs), of which ST95 (17%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST69 (11%), ST131 (7%), and ST12 (7%). K1 (43%) and K5 (20%) capsule genes were most prevalent.

CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from E. coli sepsis remains high, especially in preterm newborns. Resistance to β-lactams and aminoglycosides, the most common empiric treatments for E. coli sepsis, is worsening. Treatment regimens against neonatal E. coli sepsis need to be tailored according to evolving antibiotic resistance trends. Neonatal sepsis isolates are characterized by specific genomic traits indicative of virulent phenotypes that need continued surveillance.

Journal Title

Open Forum Infect Dis

Volume

13

Issue

5

First Page

246

Last Page

246

PubMed ID

42205599

Keywords

E. coli; antibiotic resistance; bacteremia; neonatal sepsis; whole genome sequencing

Comments

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited.

Publisher's Link: https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/13/5/ofag246/8666714

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