Racial and Ethnic Variation in Outpatient Respiratory Outcomes in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Creator(s)

• Lystra P. Hayden
• Amit Agarwal
• Eric D. Austin
• Robin L. McKinney
• Gangaram Akangire, Children's Mercy HospitalFollow
• Brianna C. Aoyama
• Anita Bhandari
• Winston M. Manimtim, Children's Mercy HospitalFollow
• Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
• Joseph M. Collaco
• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Collaborative

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-2026

Identifier

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115237

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine racial and ethnic variation in outpatient respiratory outcomes among children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) cared for in multidisciplinary clinics.

STUDY DESIGN: Subjects born < 32 weeks' gestation with subsequent BPD were recruited through the BPD Collaborative Registry. Data were collected via questionnaire. Associations between outpatient respiratory outcomes and race and ethnicity were assessed using multivariable regression.

RESULTS: Among 1564 subjects across 15 BPD clinics, 30.6% were caregiver-identified as Black/African American and 12.1% as Hispanic, which were higher proportions than observed in preterm populations of the respective states where the clinics were located. Compared with non-Hispanic White subjects, Black/African American and Hispanic subjects had younger gestational ages, lower birth weights, and longer initial hospitalizations and were more likely to be insured by Medicaid. Both Black/African American and Hispanic subjects were significantly more likely to be seen in the emergency department or readmitted for respiratory reasons than non-Hispanic White subjects (aORs 1.54, P = .001 and 1.99, P < .001, respectively). Hispanic subjects were also more likely to have sick visits (aOR: 1.52, P = .016).

CONCLUSIONS: Both Black/African American and Hispanic children are disproportionately represented in BPD clinics and have a higher likelihood of acute care use, compared with non-Hispanic White children. To optimize respiratory health outcomes of all children with BPD, further research is needed to identify factors that drive observed racial and ethnic differences.

Journal Title

The Journal of pediatrics

Volume

297

First Page

115237

Last Page

115237

MeSH Keywords

Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Black or African American; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Ethnicity; Gestational Age; Hispanic or Latino; Infant, Premature; Registries; United States; White

PubMed ID

42435801

Keywords

African-American; Black; Hispanic; chronic lung disease; prematurity; preterm

Recommended Citation

Hayden LP, Agarwal A, Austin ED, et al. Racial and Ethnic Variation in Outpatient Respiratory Outcomes in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2026;297:115237. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115237