Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2018
Identifier
PMCID: PMC6276611 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S157523
Abstract
Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake. Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, costs, and consequences of calcium supplementation on osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, kidney stones, gastrointestinal diseases, and other important diseases. In the end, we suggest that calcium supplementation should be prescribed and taken cautiously, accounting for individual patients' risks and benefits. Clearly, further studies are needed to examine the health effects of calcium supplementation to make any solid recommendations for people of different genders, ages, and ethnicities.
Journal Title
Clin Interv Aging
Volume
13
First Page
2443
Last Page
2452
MeSH Keywords
Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures
Keywords
calcium; cardiovascular diseases; gastrointestinal diseases; kidney stones; osteoporosis; osteoporotic fractures
Recommended Citation
Li K, Wang XF, Li DY, et al. The good, the bad, and the ugly of calcium supplementation: a review of calcium intake on human health. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2443-2452. Published 2018 Nov 28. doi:10.2147/CIA.S157523
Comments
Grant support
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